Période néonatale
Tableau 1. Limites normales des paramètres ECG pendant la période néonatale (Davignon et al.)
Ces valeurs de référence sont les meilleures disponibles pour la période néonatale. Les intervalles sont des intervalles de confiance à 98 % (la moyenne est présentée entre parenthèses). Les valeurs sans intervalle de confiance sont simplement le 98e percentile (c’est-à-dire la limite supérieure de référence).
| Âge | <1 jour | 1–3 jours | 3–7 jours | 7–30 jours | 1–3 mois | 3–6 mois | 6–12 mois | 1–3 ans | 3–5 ans | 5–8 ans | 8–12 ans | 12–16 ans | >16 ans |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fréquence cardiaque (battements par minute) | 93–155 (122) | 91–158 (124) | 90–166 (128) | 106–182 (148) | 120–179 (149) | 105–185 (142) | 107–168 (132) | 90–151 (119) | 73–137 (108) | 65–133 (100) | 63–129 (92) | 66–120 (86) | 50–120 |
| Axe électrique (degrés) | 58–168 (>135) | 65–171 (>134) | 76–168 (>133) | 65–159 (110) | 31–115 (75) | 7–105 (60) | 7–98 (54) | 8–100 (55) | 7–104 (55) | 10–140 (66) | 9–115 (61) | 11–133 (58) | -15–110 |
| Durée du QRS | 21–76 | 22–67 | 21–68 | 22–79 | 23–75 | 22–79 | 23–76 | 27–75 | 30–72 | 32–79 | 32–85 | 34–88 | 0,05–0,10 |
| Intervalle PR | 79–160 (107) | 81–139 (108) | 75–137 (104) | 73–138 (101) | 73–130 (98) | 74–145 (106) | 73–156 (156) | 82–148 (114) | 85–161 (118) | 90–164 (124) | 87–171 (128) | 92–175 (135) | 0,12–0,20 |
| Onde Q en III (mm) | 0,1–5 | 0,1–5 | 0,1–5 | 0,1–5 | 0,1–5 | <6,6 | <6,3 | <5,3 | <4,2 | <3,2 | <2,7 | <3,0 | <3 |
| Onde R en V1 (mm) | 5–27 (14) | 5–27 (15) | 3–25 (13) | 3–22 (11) | 3–19 (10) | 3–20 (10) | 2–20 (9) | 3–18 (9) | 2–18 (8) | 1–13 (7) | 0,5–10 (6) | 0,5–10 (5) | 0,5–14 |
| Onde S en V1 (mm) | 0,5–23 (9) | 0,5–21 (10) | 0,5–17 (7) | 0,5–12 (4) | 0,5–13 (5) | 0,5–17 (6) | 0,5–18 (7) | 1–21 (9) | 2–22 (10) | 3–24 (12) | 3–26 (12) | 3–22 (11) | 0,5–23 |
| Ratio R/S en V1 | 0,2–9,8 (2,3) | 0,2–6,0 (2,0) | 0,2–9,8 (2,8) | 1,0–7,0 (2,9) | 0,3–7,5 (2,3) | 0,2–6,0 (2,4) | 0,1–3,9 (1,8) | 0,1–4,2 (1,4) | 0–2,8 (0,9) | 0–2,0 (0,8) | 0–1,9 (0,6) | 0–1,8 (0,5) | |
| Onde R en V6 (mm) | 0–12 (5) | 0,1–12 (5) | 0,5–12 (5) | 3–17 (8) | 5–22 (12) | 6–23 (14) | 6–23 (13) | 6–23 (14) | 9–25 (15) | 9–27 (17) | 10–26 (17) | 7–23 (15) | 4–21 |
| Onde S en V6 (mm) | 0,2–10 (4) | 0,2–10 (3) | 0,4–10 (4) | 0,2–10 (3) | 0,3–7 (3) | 0,2–10 (3) | 0,2–8 (2) | 0,1–7 (2) | 0,1–6 (2) | 0,1–4 (1) | 0,0–4 (1) | 0–4 (1) | 0–4 |
| Ratio R/S en V6 | 0,5–9 (2,5) | 0,5–11 (3) | 0,5–10 (2,5) | 0,5–12 (4) | 0,5–12 (4,5) | 0,5–18 (6,5) | 0,5–22 (8) | 0,5–28 (9,5) | 0,8–30 (11) | 1–30 (12) | 2–33 (14) | 2–39 (15) |
Childhood, overview
Table 2. Reference values for the most important parameters (Rijnbeek et al.)
Numbers are medians with 2e and 98e percentiles in parentheses. These numbers were published by Rijnbeek et al. and are currently the most reliable for patients aged 1 month to 16 years. Reference values for patients aged <1 month are less reliable due to the small sample size in Rijnbeek et al. Therefore, Davignon et al. is preferred for patients aged <1 month.
| 0–1 mois | 1–3 mois | 3–6 mois | 6–12 mois | 1–3 ans | 3–5 ans | 5–8 ans | 8–12 ans | 12–16 ans | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fréquence cardiaque (battements par minute) | Homme | 160 (129, 192) | 152 (126, 187) | 134 (112, 165) | 128 (106, 194) | 119 (97, 155) | 98 (73, 123) | 88 (62, 113) | 78 (55, 101) | 73 (48, 99) |
| Femme | 155 (136, 216) | 154 (126, 200) | 139 (122, 191) | 134 (106, 187) | 128 (95, 178) | 101 (78, 124) | 89 (68, 115) | 80 (58, 110) | 76 (54, 107) | |
| Axe électrique de l’onde P (degrés) | Homme | 56 (13, 99) | 52 (10, 73) | 49 (–5, 70) | 49 (9, 87) | 48 (–12, 78) | 43 (–13, 69) | 41 (–54, 72) | 39 (–17, 76) | 40 (–24, 76) |
| Femme | 52 (24, 80) | 48 (20, 77) | 51 (16, 80) | 50 (14, 69) | 47 (1, 90) | 44 (–6, 90) | 42 (–13, 77) | 42 (–15, 82) | 45 (–18, 77) | |
| Durée de l’onde P (ms) | Homme | 78 (64, 85) | 79 (65, 98) | 81 (64, 103) | 80 (66, 96) | 80 (63, 113) | 87 (67, 102) | 92 (73, 108) | 98 (78, 117) | 100 (82, 118) |
| Femme | 79 (69, 106) | 78 (62, 105) | 78 (63, 106) | 80 (64, 107) | 83 (62, 104) | 84 (66, 101) | 89 (71, 107) | 94 (75, 114) | 98 (78, 122) | |
| Intervalle PR (ms) | Homme | 99 (77, 120) | 98 (85, 120) | 106 (87, 134) | 114 (82, 141) | 118 (86, 151) | 121 (98, 152) | 129 (99, 160) | 134 (105, 174) | 139 (107, 178) |
| Femme | 101 (91, 121) | 99 (78, 133) | 106 (84, 127) | 109 (88, 133) | 113 (78, 147) | 123 (99, 153) | 124 (92, 156) | 129 (103, 163) | 135 (106, 176) | |
| Axe électrique (QRS) (degrés) | Homme | 97 (75, 140) | 87 (37, 138) | 66 (–6, 107) | 68 (14, 122) | 64 (–4, 118) | 70 (7, 112) | 70 (–10, 112) | 70 (–21, 114) | 65 (–9, 112) |
| Femme | 110 (63, 155) | 80 (39, 121) | 70 (17, 108) | 67 (1, 102) | 69 (2, 121) | 69 (3, 106) | 74 (27, 117) | 66 (5, 117) | 66 (5, 101) | |
| Durée du QRS (ms) | Homme | 67 (50, 85) | 64 (52, 77) | 66 (54, 85) | 69 (52, 86) | 71 (54, 88) | 75 (58, 92) | 80 (63, 98) | 85 (67, 103) | 91 (78, 111) |
| Femme | 67 (54, 79) | 63 (48, 77) | 64 (50, 78) | 64 (52, 80) | 68 (54, 85) | 71 (58, 88) | 77 (59, 95) | 82 (66, 99) | 87 (72, 106) | |
| Intervalle QTc (ms, formule de Bazzet) | Homme | 413 (378, 448) | 419 (396, 458) | 422 (391, 453) | 411 (379, 449) | 412 (383, 455) | 412 (377, 448) | 411 (371, 443) | 411 (373, 440) | 407 (362, 449) |
| Femme | 420 (379, 462) | 424 (381, 454) | 418 (386, 448) | 414 (381, 446) | 417 (381, 447) | 415 (388, 442) | 409 (375, 449) | 410 (365, 447) | 414 (370, 457) |
Childhood, P-waves
Table 3. Reference values for P-wave amplitude (Rijnbeek et al.)
Numbers are median with 98th percentile (i.e. the upper reference limit) in parentheses. All values are in millivolts (mV). Multiply by 10 to transform to millimeters (mm).
| Lead | 0–1 month | 1–3 months | 3–6 months | 6–12 months | 1–3 years | 3–5 years | 5–8 years | 8–12 years | 12–16 years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II | Male | 0.15 (0.23) | 0.16 (0.25) | 0.15 (0.22) | 0.16 (0.26) | 0.15 (0.25) | 0.13 (0.23) | 0.12 (0.22) | 0.12 (0.22) | 0.13 (0.24) |
| Female | 0.16 (0.25) | 0.16 (0.23) | 0.16 (0.23) | 0.16 (0.24) | 0.16 (0.25) | 0.13 (0.23) | 0.12 (0.24) | 0.14 (0.24) | 0.15 (0.26) | |
| V1 | Male | 0.12 (0.22) | 0.10 (0.19) | 0.09 (0.17) | 0.10 (0.17) | 0.13 (0.20) | 0.12 (0.19) | 0.12 (0.20) | 0.11 (0.19) | 0.11 (0.18) |
| Female | 0.10 (0.19) | 0.10 (0.16) | 0.10 (0.16) | 0.11 (0.21) | 0.12 (0.20) | 0.12 (0.20) | 0.11 (0.18) | 0.11 (0.19) | 0.10 (0.17) |
Childhood, Q-waves
Table 4. Reference values for Q-wave amplitude (Rijnbeek et al.)
Numbers are median with 98th percentile (i.e. the upper reference limit) in parentheses. All values are in millivolts (mV). Multiply by 10 to transform to millimeters (mm).
| Lead | 0–1 month | 1–3 months | 3–6 months | 6–12 months | 1–3 years | 3–5 years | 5–8 years | 8–12 years | 12–16 years | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II | Male | 0,14 (0,23) | 0,18 (0,32) | 0,14 (0,34) | 0,18 (0,48) | 0,15 (0,44) | 0,11 (0,26) | 0,10 (0,28) | 0,09 (0,24) | 0,08 (0,21) |
| Female | 0,09 (0,26) | 0,14 (0,32) | 0,15 (0,43) | 0,16 (0,44) | 0,16 (0,48) | 0,13 (0,27) | 0,08 (0,26) | 0,08 (0,21) | 0,09 (0,20) | |
| III | Male | 0,15 (0,26) | 0,29 (0,50) | 0,31 (0,71) | 0,35 (0,79) | 0,30 (0,74) | 0,19 (0,46) | 0,15 (0,36) | 0,10 (0,28) | 0,10 (0,29) |
| Female | 0,18 (0,35) | 0,24 (0,50) | 0,28 (0,65) | 0,34 (0,79) | 0,31 (0,73) | 0,18 (0,40) | 0,16 (0,38) | 0,10 (0,27) | 0,10 (0,21) | |
| aVF | Male | 0,13 (0,23) | 0,20 (0,35) | 0,20 (0,40) | 0,22 (0,58) | 0,20 (0,54) | 0,14 (0,34) | 0,12 (0,25) | 0,09 (0,25) | 0,08 (0,23) |
| Female | 0,10 (0,27) | 0,17 (0,35) | 0,20 (0,44) | 0,23 (0,52) | 0,20 (0,54) | 0,12 (0,31) | 0,11 (0,31) | 0,08 (0,21) | 0,09 (0,18) | |
| V6 | Male | 0,11 (0,22) | 0,16 (0,31) | 0,17 (0,35) | 0,20 (0,60) | 0,20 (0,56) | 0,15 (0,42) | 0,12 (0,39) | 0,12 (0,43) | 0,11 (0,43) |
| Female | 0,09 (0,17) | 0,15 (0,37) | 0,15 (0,40) | 0,18 (0,39) | 0,17 (0,49) | 0,15 (0,42) | 0,10 (0,41) | 0,11 (0,34) | 0,09 (0,23) |
Childhood, R-waves
Table 5. Normal limits for R-wave amplitude (Rijnbeek et al)
Numbers are median with 98th percentile (i.e. the upper reference limit) in parentheses. All values are in millivolts (mV). Multiply by 10 to convert to millimeters (mm).
| Lead | 0–1 mois | 1–3 mois | 3–6 mois | 6–12 mois | 1–3 ans | 3–5 ans | 5–8 ans | 8–12 ans | 12–16 ans | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | Garçons | 0,25 (0,45) | 0,56 (1,12) | 0,80 (1,52) | 0,82 (1,52) | 0,77 (1,37) | 0,63 (1,09) | 0,62 (1,16) | 0,59 (1,04) | 0,58 (1,09) |
| Filles | 0,31 (0,62) | 0,55 (1,09) | 0,74 (1,26) | 0,75 (1,38) | 0,68 (1,52) | 0,65 (1,20) | 0,49 (1,00) | 0,54 (1,21) | 0,48 (1,02) | |
| II | Garçons | 0,64 (1,28) | 1,08 (1,76) | 1,27 (1,97) | 1,27 (2,09) | 1,27 (2,47) | 1,36 (2,20) | 1,24 (2,42) | 1,39 (2,23) | 1,31 (2,08) |
| Filles | 0,70 (1,21) | 1,15 (2,04) | 1,33 (2,24) | 1,35 (2,21) | 1,27 (2,34) | 1,38 (2,24) | 1,33 (2,27) | 1,32 (2,29) | 1,32 (2,03) | |
| III | Garçons | 0,79 (1,44) | 0,76 (1,60) | 0,72 (1,50) | 0,82 (1,65) | 0,80 (1,96) | 0,94 (1,82) | 0,80 (1,92) | 0,89 (1,86) | 0,85 (1,74) |
| Filles | 0,85 (1,50) | 0,91 (1,82) | 0,95 (1,85) | 0,90 (1,95) | 0,96 (2,00) | 0,94 (1,96) | 1,03 (2,09) | 0,92 (1,88) | 0,88 (1,66) | |
| aVL | Garçons | 0,16 (0,32) | 0,35 (0,66) | 0,40 (1,09) | 0,44 (1,04) | 0,38 (0,86) | 0,26 (0,58) | 0,22 (0,70) | 0,17 (0,52) | 0,19 (0,69) |
| Filles | 0,18 (0,45) | 0,25 (0,69) | 0,37 (0,78) | 0,40 (0,92) | 0,38 (1,02) | 0,24 (0,70) | 0,18 (0,55) | 0,17 (0,69) | 0,16 (0,53) | |
| aVF | Garçons | 0,59 (1,36) | 0,88 (1,58) | 0,93 (1,70) | 0,96 (1,81) | 1,00 (2,20) | 1,13 (1,97) | 1,00 (2,19) | 1,16 (2,00) | 1,06 (1,88) |
| Filles | 0,72 (1,26) | 0,98 (1,91) | 1,07 (1,82) | 1,11 (2,04) | 1,10 (2,08) | 1,14 (2,06) | 1,20 (2,17) | 1,09 (2,06) | 1,10 (1,84) | |
| V3R | Garçons | 0,62 (1,04) | 0,58 (1,24) | 0,57 (1,20) | 0,48 (1,24) | 0,49 (1,06) | 0,41 (0,81) | 0,23 (0,63) | 0,22 (0,51) | 0,19 (0,54) |
| Filles | 0,68 (1,26) | 0,55 (0,93) | 0,49 (1,11) | 0,42 (0,98) | 0,43 (0,92) | 0,34 (0,64) | 0,21 (0,57) | 0,19 (0,47) | 0,17 (0,49) | |
| V1 | Garçons | 1,10 (2,05) | 1,23 (2,07) | 1,32 (2,20) | 1,12 (2,14) | 1,08 (2,11) | 0,95 (1,78) | 0,63 (1,48) | 0,54 (1,14) | 0,48 (1,18) |
| Filles | 1,35 (2,22) | 1,17 (1,99) | 1,14 (2,04) | 1,01 (1,92) | 1,01 (1,91) | 0,77 (1,38) | 0,55 (1,24) | 0,49 (1,14) | 0,35 (1,10) | |
| V2 | Garçons | 1,83 (2,67) | 1,82 (2,63) | 2,08 (2,54) | 1,94 (2,51) | 1,82 (2,41) | 1,58 (2,26) | 1,21 (2,22) | 1,02 (1,90) | 0,94 (1,87) |
| Filles | 1,83 (2,17) | 1,81 (2,45) | 1,88 (2,60) | 1,82 (2,36) | 1,75 (2,38) | 1,41 (2,25) | 1,06 (1,91) | 0,90 (1,86) | 0,69 (1,57) | |
| V4 | Garçons | 1,80 (2,62) | 2,30 (3,05) | 2,32 (3,23) | 2,27 (3,32) | 2,37 (3,38) | 2,42 (3,30) | 2,11 (3,11) | 1,86 (3,16) | 1,87 (3,06) |
| Filles | 1,68 (2,21) | 2,26 (3,26) | 2,26 (3,31) | 2,23 (3,09) | 2,21 (3,54) | 2,24 (3,38) | 1,84 (3,04) | 1,72 (3,23) | 1,24 (2,55) | |
| V6 | Garçons | 1,00 (1,78) | 1,55 (2,23) | 1,65 (2,73) | 1,70 (2,79) | 1,79 (2,96) | 1,94 (3,14) | 1,97 (2,98) | 2,18 (3,24) | 2,02 (3,05) |
| Filles | 0,93 (1,64) | 1,51 (2,67) | 1,60 (2,80) | 1,68 (2,74) | 1,68 (2,67) | 1,89 (2,91) | 2,05 (3,25) | 2,00 (3,04) | 1,65 (2,52) |